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Dietary intake and factors influencing eating behaviours in overweight and obese South Asian men living in the United Kingdom:a mixed method study

机译：居住在英国的超重和肥胖南亚男性的饮食摄入及其影响饮食行为的因素：混合方法研究

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Objective:It is widely recognised that South Asian men living in the UK are more likely to develop Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) than their white British counterparts. Despite this, limited data have been published quantifying current dietary intake patterns and qualitatively exploring eating behaviours in this population. The objectives of this study were to: 1) assess diet; 2) explore perceptions of T2DM; 3) investigate factors influencing eating behaviours in overweight/obese South Asian men; and 4) determine the suitability of the UK Diet and Diabetes Questionnaire (UKDDQ) for use in this population.Setting:Community-based setting in the Greater London, UK area.Participants:South Asian men aged 18 to 64, with a BMI of over 23.0 kg/m2, not previously diagnosed with T2DM.Methods:A cross-sectional mixed-methods design, including assessment of dietary intake using the UKDDQ (n=63), followed by semi-structured interviews in a purposive sample (n=36).Results:UKDDQ scores indicated 54% of participants had a ‘healthy’ diet with a mean sample score of 3.44±0.43 out of a maximum of 5. Oily fish consumption was low (1.84±1.85). Body weight was positively associated with a high-added sugar subscore (r=0.253, p=0.047), with 69.8% of the men having ‘unhealthy’ intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages. Cultural commitments (e.g., extended family and faith events), motivation and time were identified as key barriers to dietary change, with family support an important facilitator to making healthy dietary changes. Participants stated the UKDDQ was suitable for assessing diets of South Asians, and made suggestions for tailoring questions related to rice consumption, providing examples of Indian sweets, and including ghee as a fat source. Conclusion:Many of the areas of dietary improvement and factors affecting eating behaviours identified in this study are similar to those observed in the general UK population. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in particular was high; given the association between their consumption and the risk of T2DM, this should be an area of primary focus for healthcare professionals. Nevertheless there are sociocultural factors unique to this population that need to be considered when designing culturally specific programs to reduce the development of T2DM in this high-risk population.
机译：目的：众所周知，与英国白人相比，居住在英国的南亚男性更容易患上2型糖尿病（T2DM）。尽管如此，已经公布了有限的数据来量化当前的饮食摄入模式，并定性地探索了该人群的饮食行为。这项研究的目的是：1）评估饮食； 2）探索对T2DM的看法； 3）调查影响超重/肥胖南亚男性饮食行为的因素； 4）确定英国饮食和糖尿病问卷（UKDDQ）是否适合该人群。地点：英国大伦敦地区的社区环境。参与者：BMI为18岁至64岁的南亚男性。方法：采用横截面混合方法设计，包括使用UKDDQ评估饮食摄入量（n = 63），然后进行有针对性的样本半结构化访谈（n = 36）。结果：UKDDQ分数表明54％的参与者饮食“健康”，平均样本分数为3.44±0.43（满分为5）。油性鱼的食用量较低（1.84±1.85）。体重与高添加糖分呈正相关（r = 0.253，p = 0.047），其中69.8％的男性摄入“不健康”的含糖饮料。文化承诺（例如大家庭和信仰事件），动机和时间被确定为饮食改变的主要障碍，而家庭支持则是促进健康饮食改变的重要推动力。与会者表示，UKDDQ适合评估南亚人的饮食，并提出了一些建议，以量身定制与大米消费有关的问题，提供印度甜食的例子，并包括酥油作为脂肪来源。结论：在这项研究中确定的许多饮食改善领域和影响饮食行为的因素与在英国一般人群中观察到的相似。特别是含糖饮料的消费量很高；考虑到他们的消费与T2DM风险之间的关联，这应该是医疗保健专业人员的主要重点领域。但是，在设计特定于文化的计划以减少该高危人群中T2DM的发生时，需要考虑该人群独特的社会文化因素。

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